Dr. Nirmala Ravishankar is a health systems specialist with 10 years of experience working in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. She has worked extensively on health financing issues, including demand-side financing models and resource tracking methods for analyzing health spending patterns. She also specializes in designing and implementing monitoring and evaluation activities using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Dr. Ravishankar has been living in Nairobi and working as an independent consultant since 2012.